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The left–right (L–R) axis of most bilateral animals is established during gastrulation when a transient ciliated structure creates a directional flow of signaling molecules that establish asymmetric gene expression in the lateral plate mesoderm. However, in some animals, an earlier differential distribution of molecules and cell division patterns initiate or at least influence L–R patterning. Using...
BMP signaling plays pleiotropic roles in various tissues during embryogenesis and after birth. We have previously generated a constitutively activated Acvr1(ca‐Acvr1) transgenic mouse line (line L35) through pronuclei injection to investigate impacts of enhanced BMP signaling in a tissue specific manner. However, line L35 shows a restricted expression pattern of the transgene. Here, we generated another...
Super enhancer (SE) is a cluster of enhancers that has a stronger ability to promote transcription compared to the typical enhancer (TE). Similar to TE, which can transcribe enhancer RNA (eRNA), SE produces super enhancer RNA (seRNA). The activation of SE is cell and tissue‐specific, and the SE‐associated genes are mostly linked to the cell fate. This is demonstrated by the important role‐played by...
Upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is activated and catalyzes nonconventional splicing of an unspliced X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1U) mRNA to yield a spliced XBP1 (XBP1S) mRNA that encodes a potent XBP1S transcription factor. XBP1S is a key mediator of the IRE1 branch that is essential for alleviating ER stress. We generated a novel mouse strain (referred to...
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